Effective agent design patterns in production — Laurie Voss, LlamaIndex

LlamaIndex Overview 00:49

  • LlamaIndex is a framework in Python and Typescript for building generative AI applications, specializing in agents.
  • LlamaParse is a service that parses complex document formats (PDFs, Word, PowerPoints) to improve agent quality by making unstructured data easier for LLMs to understand.
  • LlamaCloud is an enterprise service for ingesting documents and getting a retrieval endpoint, available as SaaS or for private cloud deployment.
  • LlamaHub is a registry of open-source software providing adapters for data integration from various sources (e.g., Notion, Slack, databases) and storage in vector databases.
  • LlamaIndex integrates with over 400 different models from more than 80 LLM providers, including local models, and offers pre-built agent tools.
  • The framework's core promise is to help users go faster by skipping boilerplate, providing best practices, and accelerating time to production.
  • LlamaIndex is particularly proficient in Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and agents.

Understanding AI Agents 03:17

  • An agent is a semi-autonomous piece of software that can use tools to achieve a goal without explicit step-by-step instructions.
  • Agents represent a significant departure from traditional programming by giving LLMs decision-making power to select and use tools, making them highly flexible and powerful.
  • Agents are most useful for situations involving unstructured data and unexpected inputs, where LLMs excel at handling messy information.
  • A good agent use case involves an LLM transforming a large body of text into a smaller one, such as summarizing documents, interpreting contracts, or processing invoices.
  • It's recommended to integrate LLMs into existing software to leverage their ability to turn unstructured data into structured data for decision-making, moving beyond simple chatbot applications.

The Importance of RAG 05:34

  • LLMs require contextual data relevant to a specific domain or problem to provide useful outputs, as generic queries are often insufficient.
  • Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses the challenge of feeding large amounts of data to LLMs by embedding data into vectors for efficient searching in a vector database.
  • RAG allows only the most relevant context from a data corpus to be fed to the LLM, making interactions significantly faster and more cost-effective.
  • RAG is essential because sending less data for an LLM to process is always cheaper, faster, and results in more specific and accurate answers.
  • While agents can use RAG as a tool, RAG also benefits from agents, as naive top-K RAG often performs poorly.
  • Layering an agent on top of RAG significantly improves result quality and enables advanced capabilities like introspection (e.g., breaking down complex questions, re-extracting data, self-evaluating answers).
  • Agents enhance RAG's performance in both speed and accuracy.

Effective Agent Design Patterns 08:20

  • Anthropic identified several effective agent design patterns, which LlamaIndex implements in its workflows:
    • Chaining: Involves passing the output of one LLM's work as input to another LLM in a sequence, easily built using LlamaIndex's workflow abstraction.
    • Routing: An LLM decides which of several LLM-based tools or paths to follow to solve different problems, implemented in LlamaIndex workflows using branches.
    • Parallelization: Running multiple LLMs concurrently and aggregating their results, with two flavors:
      • Sectioning: Acting on the same input in different ways (e.g., one track for processing, another for guardrails to check for illegal requests).
      • Voting: Giving the same query to multiple tracks (same or different LLMs) and comparing answers to reduce hallucination, as LLMs hallucinate in different ways.
    • Orchestrator Workers: An LLM splits a complex task into several simpler questions, asks them in parallel, and then aggregates the answers into a single, coherent response (e.g., for deep research). This pattern is also implemented using parallelization.
    • Evaluator Optimizer (Self-Reflection): An LLM evaluates its own output against the original goal and generates feedback for iterative improvement, implemented in LlamaIndex workflows using loops.
  • These patterns can be combined to create arbitrarily complex workflows for diverse circumstances.

Multi-Agent Systems & Resources 14:38

  • In LlamaIndex, an agent's tools are defined as standard Python functions wrapped in a step wrapper.
  • Multi-agent systems can be created in LlamaIndex by providing an array of agents to a multi-agent system, which then manages control flow and interaction between them.
  • A tutorial notebook is available for building a deep research agent workflow.