Realtime Conversational Video with Pipecat and Tavus — Chad Bailey and Brian Johnson, Daily & Tavus

Building Real-time Conversational AI 00:18

  • Traditional robot concierges are often ineffective, but modern AI enables building effective real-time conversational video systems.
  • Three key considerations for building real-time AI are models, the orchestration layer, and deployment.

Models and Tavus's Contribution 01:04

  • Traditional voice AI pipelines typically involve speech-to-text, LLMs for inference, and text-to-speech, but real-time video generation is significantly more complex.
  • Tavus, initially an AI research company, developed an end-to-end conversational video interface to enable real-time interaction with replicas of individuals.
  • The Tavus system aims for a response time of around 600 milliseconds, though this sometimes needs to be adjusted.
  • Tavus utilizes proprietary models like Sparrow Zero and Raven Zero, which will be offered for integration into frameworks like Pipecat.

Pipecat's Orchestration Layer 03:47

  • Pipecat is an open-source, vendor-neutral orchestration framework designed for real-time AI, providing observability and control over conversational flows.
  • It addresses infrastructure challenges in production AI applications, such as understanding bot behavior, capturing metrics, and diagnosing response delays.
  • Pipecat handles three core functions: input (receiving user media like audio/video), processing (running various models and integrating user video for responses), and output (delivering synchronized video and audio).
  • The framework is built on three fundamental pieces: frames (data containers for media snippets or events), processors (which transform frames), and pipelines (which define the asynchronous, low-latency operation of the bot).
  • A typical Pipecat pipeline involves frames flowing from transport input to a speech-to-text processor, then a context aggregator, an LLM processor (streaming text frames), and finally text-to-speech and video generation (e.g., via Tavus) before transport output.
  • Pipecat's flexibility allows for advanced use cases, such as parallel pipelines for real-time sentiment analysis or detecting whether a call is answered by a human or voicemail.

Tavus and Pipecat Partnership & Future Models 14:03

  • Tavus is integrating its advanced models into Pipecat, recognizing that Pipecat's orchestration capabilities can save months of development time.
  • Upcoming Tavus models include a multilingual turn detection model that determines when a person has finished speaking, crucial for faster AI responses without interruptions.
  • A response timing model will soon be integrated into Pipecat, allowing the AI to adjust its response speed based on the conversational context (e.g., slowing down for sensitive topics).
  • A multimodal perception model will analyze user emotions and surroundings, feeding this data into the turn-taking and response timing models for more nuanced conversational flow.

Deployment Considerations 17:14

  • Deploying real-time AI bots requires a REST API to initiate conversations and quickly spin up bot instances, along with a transport layer (like WebRTC) for media transfer.
  • Pipecat Cloud is available for users who want to deploy bots at scale without managing complex infrastructure like Kubernetes.